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| species richness + species evenness |
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| number of different species in an area |
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| the abundance of individuals within each of those species |
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| how many potential ecological niches could occur, how they differ/resemble each other, and how the species within them interact |
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| species diversity is highest in the tropics and declines as it moves north and south toward the poles |
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| those species that normally and thrive in a particular community |
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| other species that migrate into or are deliberately or accidently introduced into a community |
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| species that serve as early warnings of damage to an ecosystem |
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| a species that play a key role in its eco-system |
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| (type of keystone species) species that play a major role in shaping communities by creating and enhancing their habitat |
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| interspecific competition |
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| competition between species for a shared resource. Instead of fighting, this means its a race to adapt best |
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| when creatures using the same resource, evolve to share it |
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| members of one species feed directly on all or part of a living organism |
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| occurs when one species (the parasite) feeds on part of another (the host) who is harmed by the interaction |
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| two species or a network of species interact in a way that benefits both or all |
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| a relationship that benefits one species but has little, or no effect on the other species |
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| the gradual change of species composition in an area |
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| thre patters of population distribution |
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1. clumping
2. uniform dispersion
3. random dispersion |
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| (birth rate + immigration) – (death rate + emmigration) |
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| intrinsic rate of increase (r) |
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| rate at which a population would grow if it had unlimited resources |
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| all factors that act to limit growth of a population |
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| environmental resistance + biotic potential |
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| high rate of population increase, usually small, parents do not care for children |
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| small number of offspring, usually larger and live longer |
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| regulate their body temperature by producing heat from within the body (warm blooded) |
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| use heat from outside their body (cold-blooded) |
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| each individual is formed directly from the zygote and the development is high predictable |
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| have zygotes that develop into a module |
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| intraspecific competition |
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| competition occurring within the same species |
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| interspecific competition |
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| competition occurring between different species |
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| competition between plants and toxins |
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| three assumptions of lotka-volterra predator-prey model |
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1.there is one predator and one prey species in the interactions
2. prety numbers decrease if predators rise and vice versa
3. predator numbers increase when prey increases, and decreases when they fall |
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