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| change in DNA sequence that affects genetic information |
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| nature provided variation, humans selected the variations that they found useful |
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| preserved remains or evidence of an ancient organism |
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| group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area |
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| matter deposited by water or wind |
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| process by which unrelated things independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments |
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| any inherited characteristic that increases an organisms chance of survival — ability to respond to change favorably |
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| individuals that are the most fit for the environmental conditions survive |
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| principle that states all living things were derived from common ancestors |
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| structures that have different mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissues |
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| consists of all genes, including all the different alleles, that are present in a population |
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| number of times that the allele occurs in a gene pool, compared with the number of times the other alleles for the same trait occur |
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| controlled by a single gene that has two alleles |
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| controlled by two or more genes |
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| when individuals by the center of the curve have higher fitness than those at either end of it |
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| occurs when individuals at upper and lower ends have a higher fitness than those in the middle |
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| random change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations |
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| change in allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population |
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| how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment |
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| the situation in which allele frequencies remain constant |
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| when the members of two populations cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring |
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| when two populations are capable of interbreeding but have differences in rituals or other reproductive strategies |
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| which two or more species reproduce at different times |
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| means the species died out |
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| method of determining the age of a fossil by comparing its placement with that of others found in other layers of rock |
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| 3 of them (Paleozonic, Mesozonic, Cenozonic) |
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| pattern of evolution when long stable periods are interrupted by brief periods of rapid change |
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| organ that serves no useful function in an organism |
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| descent with modification |
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| principle that each living thing has descended, with changes, from other species over time |
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| rapid growth in the diversity of a group of organisms |
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| occurs when two or more biological organisms have a common evolutionary origin, and have diverged over time |
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| a theory which holds that profound change is a cumulative product of slow, but continuous process |
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| an instance of change or the rate of magnitude of change |
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| the mutual evolutionary influence between two species |
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| an ancient organisms that many more current organisms can be traced back hypothetically through various techniques |
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| a means to date rocks whereby the rate of decay of known mineral is measured over time |
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| process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully, “survival of the fittest” |
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| when individuals at one end of the curve have higher fitness than those in the middle or at the other end |
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| the process whereby two or more organisms have diverged over time |
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| the formation of new species over time, many factors can contribute to this |
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