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| Matter, Energy, Information to a system |
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| Pollution and waste during an item’s production |
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| Measure of Stream channel elevation change |
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| Abiotic inputs for rotting log ecosystem |
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| rainfall, temperature, sunlight |
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| Transition zone between adjacent ecosystems |
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| Transition zone between rotting log and soil |
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| Included in environmental impact statement |
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| Needs for project, alternatives, enc. effects |
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| Setting for most productive ecosystems |
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| Humid, Tropical to sub tropical |
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| Values of a Cherokee Talking Tree |
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| Scientific, Cultural, Educational |
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| Processes occurring within a system |
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| Cold water can store more carbon dioxide gas |
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| Favor prudent use of natural resources |
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| Processes that slow down a system |
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| Temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH |
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| Forest changes due to low angle sunlit margin |
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| Natural Methods of ecosystem recovery |
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| Seed transport by wind or animals, fire cleansing |
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| Ways that we affect the water cycle |
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| Cutting down forests and building dams |
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| Internal and external costs of a consumer item |
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| Processes that speed up a system |
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| Ecosystem recovery after a major change |
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| Downsides of reusable beverage bottles |
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| Shipping to bottler, washing, greater weight |
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| Shallow, self like lake ecosystem with plants |
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| Conditions favorable to limestone deposition |
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| Warm shallow well sunlit sea water |
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| Ecosystem recovery after minor changes |
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| Uplift of Air Masses by Mountains |
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| Mountains block passages of rain casting a “shadow” of dryness behind them |
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| is called a Unifying Theory because it explains the locations of most volcanoes & earthquakes, as well as the locations & shapes of continents & the distribution of fossils and mineral resources. |
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Same as “subduction”
denser oceanic crust sinks into mantle beneath other plate margin. Sinking plate melts to form magma. Rising magma = volcanoes. |
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| rising man-tle plume causes plates to separate, spread. Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Same as rift |
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| Plates slide past one another. Plate movement = earthquakes (San Andrea Fault) |
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| Post WWII seafloor mapping used |
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| sonar & magnetometers. Seafloor ridges & trenches, coupled with seismic data from earthquakes, and other data helped “close the loop” and explain how it happened. |
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| suggested the name Pangea for the supercontinent that broke apart to form the present day continents. |
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| More dense than continental crust but thinner. Fe-rich. |
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| lighter, Qtz-rich, light colored. Makes up 70% of earths crust |
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| silicate mineral or rock that is rich in magnesium and iron. example: Basalts |
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| a term used in geology to refer to silicate minerals, magma, and rocks which are enriched in the lighter elements such as silicon, oxygen, aluminium, sodium, and potassium |
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| A long, narrow fissure in the Earth marking a zone of the lithosphere that has become thinner due to extensional forces associated with plate tectonics. |
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| The small part of the range in British Columbia is referred to as the Canadian Cascades or, locally, as the Cascade Mountains (Mount Renier, Mount St. Helen) |
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| Cascade Mountains exist because of an offshore subduction zone. |
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| is a type of archipelago composed of a chain of volcanoes which alignment is arc-shaped, and which are situated parallel and close to a boundary between two converging tectonic plates. |
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| solidified from molten rock |
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| hardened sediments, derived from weathering and erosion of older rocks |
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| rocks that have changed due to heat and pressure |
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| from tall, conical composite volcanoes. Inland from Subduction Zones. Medium-colored, explosive pyroclastic ash eruptions and thick lava flows. |
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| Erupted from caldera type. |
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| a type of volcano usually built almost entirely of fluid lava flows. They are named for their large size and low profile, resembling a warrior’s shield. |
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| Diabase in shallow intrusion, Norcross, GA |
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| Youngest igneous rocks in ga |
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| After Mt. Mazama magma chamber emptied (7,000 yrs ago), the peak collapsed in on itself, resulting in the caldera, which was filled by rain and snow. |
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| Breaking down of rock material. Chemical and physical |
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| is the down-gradient transport of degraded rock (sand, gravel, clay) by way of streams & rivers to eventual deposition in the ocean. |
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| Bedrock turns into saphrolite |
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| Over time, with Physical and Chemical Weathering, the biotite gneiss becomes the saprolite |
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| the drop in feet/mile. Steeper gradient = higher stream energy (velocity) and more vertical erosion of channel (downcutting) and less lateral erosion, leading to “V-shaped” valleys in mountains. |
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Mountain stream environment
High energy, high oxygen content, low temperature= low biodiversity. |
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| A meander in general is a bend in a sinuous watercourse. A meander is formed when the moving water in a stream erodes the outer banks and widens its valley |
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| Most sedimentary rocks were |
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| deposited in shallow marine conditions |
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| Transitional environments |
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| are stretches along the coast that have been exposed by the sea due to a relative fall in sea levels. This occurs due to either isostacy or eustacy. |
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| are stretches along the coast that have been inundated by the sea due to a relative rise in sea levels. This occurs due to either isostacy or eustacy. |
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| an intertidal area of seacoasts where solid rock predominates. |
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| also called beaches, are coastal shorelines where sand accumulates. |
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| Emergent shoreline. Sandy shore habitat |
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| Submergent, rocky shore habitat |
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| found in deeper and/or quieter water where shales are deposited |
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| ecosystems largely controlled by water depth, water energy, clarity. |
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| close and often long-term interaction between different biological species. |
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| is the way two organisms biologically interact where each individual derives a fitness benefit. |
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| When corals are stressed they |
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| bleach and expel the algae |
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